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2012 Asia and Africa today

GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS IN CHINA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONS by V.V.Karlusov, Dr.Sc. (Economy) and A.P. Kudin

Keywords: China, Authority and Business

The paper analyzes the evolution of China’s state policy in relation to private enterprises over the past decade. The authors examine the process of institutionalization and legitimization of private enterprise that took place under the influence of both internal and external factors. The Chinese government gradually abandoned the policy of admission of entrepreneurship as a necessary measure and moved to the policy of encouraging and supporting private businesses in order to accelerate economic growth.

REVOLT IN THE ARABIAN WORLD: CROPS AND SHOOTS

“ARAB SPRING” AND TRANS-BORDER MIGRATION by I.O.Abramova, Dr.Sc. (Economy), S.A.Bessonov, Dr.Sc. (Economy). Part 2 (part 1 see “Asia and Africa Today”, 2012, № 6).

Keywords: Arab revolution, cross-border migration, labor, migration policy, the European Union, Africa

In the final part of their article the authors come to the conclusion that the solution of problems related to migration is possible only in case of resumption of economic and social growth of African countries. This can not be achieved without the concerted efforts of African states and the world community. Those African states which are suffering from internal crisis need not short-term help aimed at getting immediate positive results, but a real assistance in the form of long-term and comprehensive programs.

THE INFLUENCE OF CONFLICTS IN LIBYA AND SYRIA ON THE CIRCASSIAN DIASPORAS by A.V.Kushkhabiev Dr.Sc. (History)

Keywords: conflicts, Libya, Syria, Circassian diasporas

In this article the influence of military and politic conflicts in Libya and Syria on the status of Circassian Diasporas in these countries is considered. The reasons of active participation of Circassian Diaspora in Libya in the struggle against the regime of Qaddafi are analyzed. The authors analyze also the reasons which stipulated the policy of neutrality of the Circassian Diaspora in the conflict in Syria. The activities of the part of Circassian Diaspora in Syria to return to historical homeland is dwelled upon.

ISLAMIZATION, ISLAMISM AND EXTREMISM

WAR IN THE HILLS. TALIBAN AND PAKISTAN- AFGHANISTAN BORDERLANDS by V.Ya.Belokre- nitsky, Dr.Sc. (History)

Keywords: Pashtun belt, insecurity, terrorism, regionalization of the Afghan conflict
The article contains a brief history of the formation of the border region between the two neighboring countries inhabited by the mountains Pashtun tribes. The situation in the region after the fall of the Taliban regime in the autumn of 2001 is characterized. The use by the talibs of the Pakistani territory and the support of certain interest groups in Pakistan for the survival of the movement and the return of insurgents to Afghanistan are further analyzed. The article deals in detail with the appearance of the Pakistani Taliban movement and its defeat by the Army. The author speculates on the prospects of the Afghan conflict after the announced withdrawal of the U.S. and NATO combat forces and the role of Pakistan in the regionalized conflict taking into account the increased control of Islamabad over its troublesome border area.

WHO PAYS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH OF TURKEY by N.Y.Ulchenko, PhD (Economy)

Keywords: Turkey, credits, movement of capital, foreign policy

The article focuses on rather high dependency ratio of Turkey’s economic development on external financial sources evidenced by the stable growth of the deficit of balance of payments of current account. The author analyzes the main sources used to cover the deficit - foreign direct and other investments (foreign loans). Their geographical structure indicates to the fact that financially Turkey stay bound to Western countries. So in spite of Turkey’s rising activity in the broad region it is too early to claim that Turkish foreign policy priorities have definitely changed.

CHANGES IN MYANMAR by A.A.Simonia, PhD (Economy)

Keywords: Republic of the Union of Myanmar, president Thein Sein, parliament by-election, president’s initiatives, USA, the ASEAN chairmanship, Aung San Suu Kyi, National League for Democracy (NLD)

The year 2011 has been Myanmar’s most interesting and significant year in decades. It began like so many others with little hope of real change, despite plans to transfer power to an ostensibly civilian government but ends as it is widely believed with the country is finally moving on the road to irreversible reforms. By-election for 45 seats in the national parliament really achieved three things: it granted the democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi a seat in parliament, gave president Thein Sein and his reformist team significant international recognition, and demonstrated that in spite of with serious limitations Myanmar was on the road to reform.

MALI TUAREG: THE LONG ROAD TO PEACE by V.P.Filippov, Dr.Sc. (Economy), part 1

Keywords: Mali, Tuareg, Azavad, coup

The article analyzes the causes of internal conflict in Mali, which led to a revolution and ouster of President A.T.Ture from power. The author draws attention to the fact that the revolutionary events and the NATO military campaign in Libya, became a powerful catalyst for political transformationin Mali. Separate clashes between the regular army and Mali Tuareg separatists, armed with weapons smuggled from Libya have grown into full-scale war. The author has come to conclusion that prolonged intractable knot of contradictions in Mali can cause a serious political crisis in West Africa.

WILL THE PEACE COME TO COTE D’IVOIR? By L.M.Sadovskaya, PhD (History)

Keywords: Cote d’Ivoir, ethno-political conflict, civil war, crisis
The article written by L.M. Sadovskaya contains the analysis of dramatic events in Cote d’Ivoir from 1993 till now. The author is searching for various reasons of the civil war in
2002-2004, analyzing what happened after its end. The post- war situation can be described as unstable, tense, filled with struggle for the highest political power between the president in force (at that time) Laurant Gbagbo and his opponent Allassane Quattara, which almost caused a new big civil war by the end of 2010. The article contains the analysis of current political and economic landscape and the prospects of crisis overcoming.

DEPOSITS OF DIASPORA IS ANOTHER ENGINE OF THE ECONOMY OF INDIA by N.V.Galishcheva, PhD (Economy)

Keywords: Foreign capital, Indian capital market, non- resident deposits

The article deals with the current problems of the foreign capital’s inflow to the Indian economy in the form of non- resident deposits. The author analyses the evolution of Indian government’s policy towards foreign capital in the form of non-resident deposits as well as its main contemporary directions. In the article there are also data on volumes and structure of the non-resident deposits to India.

RUSSIAN FAR EAST - PARTNER OF THE ASIA- PACIFIC REGION by N.C.Osintseva

Keywords: Russia, Asia-Pacific region, cooperation in energy, investment, technology

The article deals with direction of energy policy in the Eastern regions of Russia. The author evaluated the interests of Russia and the Asia-Pacific countries in the sphere of energy resources. Analyzed the basic problem which complicates the energy cooperation between Russia and Asia- Pacific region in the XXI century. The measures aimed at improving the mechanism of interaction between Russia and the Asia-Pacific countries in the field of energy are identified.

COMMONWEALTH: A REASSESSMENT OF OPPORTUNITIES by A.Y.Tolstukhina

Keywords: Commonwealth, Commonwealth Summit in 2011, Perth Declaration

The article describes the evolution of the largest international association - the Commonwealth. This intergovernmental organization composed of the UK and of almost all of its former dominions, colonies and protectorates:
54 countries with a population of about 2 billion people. Theauthor draws attention to the efforts of the Commonwealth to adapt to new conditions of the XXI c. and to reform the organization.

INDIA. ZOROASTRIANS AS A DISAPPEARING COMMUNITY by M.S.Kalandarova, PhD (History)

Keywords: Parsis, Zoroastrianism, Panchayat, Mumbai/ Bombay
Indian census data (2001) records 69,601 Parsis in India, with a concentration in and around the city of Mumbai (previously known as Bombay). There are about 100,000 Parsis worldwide their number is steadily declining (approximately 9% per decade). According to the National Commission for Minorities, there are a “variety of causes that are responsible for this steady decline, the most significant of which are childlessness, a reluctance to accept converts, and migration. This demographic trends means that by the year
2020 the Parsis will number only 23,000 (less than 0,0002% of the present total population of India). In this case the Parsis will cease to be called a community and will be labeled a “tribe”.

EXHIBITION “TREASURES OF AFRICA” by A.B.Borisov

Keywords: exhibition «Treasures of Africa», African culture, rock paintings, masks and sculptures, Center for African Culture

The project of opening the Center of African art was announced in Moscow. To mark this occasion there was held an exhibition «Treasures of Africa», which presented photos of the writer and filmmaker N.A.Sologubovsky and a leading researcher of Institute of Oriental Studies, Ambassador A.B.Podtserob. At the exhibition were shown photographs of rock art and the Libyan Sahara, as well as artifacts from the personal collections of the Ambassador V.E.Egoshkin «Ritual Masks of Central Africa» and «Modern wooden sculpture of Kenya».

INDONESIA. THE ELECTION THRU THE EYES OF POETS by Y.I.Noskov

The next parliamentary and presidential elections are approaching in Indonesia. They will take place in 2014, but already today are promoting their activity promoting their candidates and programs, criticizing faults and weaknesses of the party in power, the president and competitors. One of the interesting aspects of social and political life of Indonesia is that the elections, as well as any acute political situation in the country, has always been reflected in the Indonesian poetry. It turns out that in Indonesia a poet is more than a poet... Our magazine publishes poems Indonesian poets translated by Yu.I.Noskov.

Summary